The concept of abstraction so permeates the study of computer science and the design of computer systems that it behoves me to address it in this introduction. The term abstraction, as we are using it here, refers to the distinction between the external properties of an entity and detail of the entity and the [...]
Conditions such as limited data storage capabilities and intricate, time consuming programming procedures restricted the complexity of the algorithms utilized in early computing machines. However, as these limitations began to disappear, machine were applied to increasingly larger and more complex tasks. As attempts to express the composition of these tasks in algorithmic form began [...]
Today’s computers have an huge family tree. One of the earliest computing devices was Abacus also called counting frame. The use of Abacus dates back 2700-2300 BC, the ancient Mesopotamian was the first civilization to be found using this device. Then it was spread to other civilization from Ancient Egypt, Iranian Persian, Greek, Roman, [...]