A device that produces the output of a Boolean operation when given the operation’s input values is called a gate. Gates can be constructed from a variety of technologies such as gears, relays, and optic devices. Inside today’s computers, gates are usually implemented as small electronic circuits in which the digits 0 and 1 are represented as voltage levels. We need not concern ourselves with such details, however. For our purposes, it suffices to represent gates in their symbolic form.
Boolean Operations AND, OR, XOR (exclusive or)
Note that the AND, OR, XOR, and NOT gates are represented by distinctively shaped symbols, with the input values entering on one side and the output exiting on the other.
Gates provide the building blocks from which computers are constructed. One important step in this direction is depicted in the circuit. This is a particular example from a collection of circuits causes it to shift to other value. In other words, the output will flop or flop between two values under control of external stimuli. As long as both input in the circuit remain 0, the output (whether 0 or 1) will not be change. However, temporarily placing a 1 on the upper input will force the output to be 1, whereas temporarily placing a 1 on the lower input will force the output to be 0.
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